Freedom of Expression As Curtailed In the First Amendment Research Paper

Freedom of Expression As Curtailed In the First Amendment - Research Paper Example This research is being carried out to establish the source from which the concept of Sedition is originated. In the US for instance, the Constitution as evidenced in the First Amendment provides for freedom of religion and expression. Similar constitutes on free speech, press, Â  and to petition assembly and address for grievances, and the implied rights of association and belief. The Supreme Court’s interpretation of the degree of protection accorded by these rights also applies to the federal government in its entirety. Moreover, the Court has on a number of occasions applied an interpretation technique to the due process as curtailed in the Fourteenth Amendment as a clause meant to protect individuals from interference by state governments. fundamental components of liberty of expression include the right of autonomy to speech and press independence. Freedom of expression permits people to communicate without any form of intrusion from the authority. The Supreme Court has prominence on matters involving the government and interference to press freedom and freedom of association. The content-neutral legislation applies such strict mechanisms. The Supreme Court further documented the fact that a federal or central government posses power. This prevents speech that might facilitate a breach of the peace or promote aggression. The concept of sedation originated as a provision for rights to freedom and expression as provided in the country’s constitution. Sedition Sedation is defined as issuing statements that are likely to incite the public against the government. Sedition is a common law offense that is usually expressed through acts of intention aimed at Generating hatred between the public and the government Cause an unlawful issuance or publication of materials that dishonors the government Considering the points stated above, sedation could be described as unlawful language that may jeopardize state’s security. A statement or an action is considered an act of sedation if it threatens state’s security or incites hatred among the people. This description raises serious issues on the role of press freedom and the ability to sustain a free press. Certainly, press freedom and freedom of expression cannot thrive in the midst of sedation. Brief Historical Origin of the Concept The concept of sedation was developed in 1798 and 1801, following the threats of a French invasion. Prior to the developments, nearly twenty-six individuals had been charged in the federal court for publishing or collaborating in the printing of counterfeit news. In addition, people would be charged in a court of law for speaking in public with the intention of undermining the regime. Media house owners and other prominent personalities were detained and charged with treason and unlawful conduct. For example, publishing an article on John Adams the US led to the arrest of the journalist behind the story. In this case, political opponents of the government were the main defendants. The prosecution and judicial preceding raised heated debate on the role of a free press within a democratic country. The first federal trial connected to the case led to a widespread public uproar that threatened the credibility of the judicial service. This promoted discussions on political impudence and the role of judges on press freedom matters. The case further raised concern on the relationship between the state and the judiciary. Arguably, the judiciary is supposed to be an independent state authority that is free from the influence of the government. The Act which was passed in July 1798 but which until now has been subjected to numerous amendments, has provision for the punishment of people and journalists who make false declarations with the intentionally of defaming the federal

The ultimate nightmare Essay Example for Free

The ultimate nightmare Essay I lay down and waited for the soothing blanket of sleep shroud me. A few seconds later the anticipated blackness of slumber settled in†¦ Suddenly, the deafening noise of the alarm clock woke me up with a startling jolt. It seemed as though I had fallen asleep mere seconds ago and as I groggily looked around something did not seem right. The room looked the same as it did before I went to sleep. In the bright orange light that seemed to come from hells keep itself, shown through the flimsy curtains from the eerily noiseless street behind our house I could see that nothing was amiss. Nothing that I could notice straight away that is. As I got up from my bed, I saw that my sister was not in hers. I looked around once more, as the feeling of peculiar alarm and angst worked from the top of my head to the tips of my toes. I was at once perturbed and shaken as I saw that the room was clean, severely clean. There was naught on the tables, or in the wardrobe, not dust nor a shadow of the things that had been there and as I turned to look at the alarm clock, I was only more agitated to find the side table to be glimmeringly spotless. As the twisted black feeling of fear grew, I knew I had to go through the entire house. Having no idea of what time it was; except that it was dark; sinister as any night in a horror movie outside, I went through each and every room in our house only to find all of them stripped bare, like a newborn baby, from the ceiling to the floor. It was as though it had taken hours for me to do that, for me to find all my families things, my family, itself to have, disappeared like they had never existed in the first place. The fear that had been lit now consumed me like a wild fire. That this dream like situation that seemed to go on for hours only fed it. The fact that I now knew this was not reality but a horrifying nightmare did not seem any less daunting than if a dragon breathing fire had been placed in front of me. For this was my ultimate nightmare, to be left alone with not a thing in the world but worse than that that there was no one for me to go to. I could not do anything but wait in the spine-tingling prison like dream, wait for someone to wake me up, when, the shrill voice of the alarm sought me out,  again†¦

wheelchair :: essays research papers

The Technological Environment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Invacare Corporation is the leading manufacturer and distributor of non-acute health care products. The company designs, manufactures and distributes an extensive line of health care products for the non-acute care environment, including the home health care, retail and extended care markets. Invacare continuously revises and expands its product lines to meet changing market demands and currently offers over 25,000 home health care and medical equipment provider locations throughout the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several factors will contribute to the growth in the sales of domestic home medical equipment products. Life expectancy has continued to increase over the years and the growth in the population over 65 will increase in the coming years. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) states that the average life expectancy for men and women who reach the age of 65 is now 81 and 84. The DHHS also reports that people age 65 or older represent the vast majority of home health care patients and will increase from 12% of the population in 2000 to 20% of the population by the year 2050. A large percentage of people using home and community based health care services are 65 years of age or older. To serve and gain business from this growing population Invacare will need to address their present and future product lines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Medical equipment has become increasingly adaptable for use in the home due to technological advances. Patients are discharged earlier form hospitals than in previous years, which lengthens recovery periods outside of the hospital. In addition continuing medical advances prolong the lives of adults and children, which increases the demand for home medical care equipment. To address this growing market Invacare has come out with several new products. The HomeFill II Patient Convenience Pack ML4 is an all new portable oxygen supply system that is lightweight and easy to transport for oxygen patients. Patients can fill their cylinders themselves in their own home, which gives them freedom and independence – they no longer have to wait for cylinder deliveries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A new bariatrics program offers complete solutions approach for the bariatric provider and their clients and features the full line of Invacare bariatric products. Making it easy to find the right product, the bariatric catalog employs color coding to sort products by weight capacity. The Invacare Full Electric Low Bed was designed for situations where rails are not desirable or appropriate, but injuries from falling out of bed are still a concern.

Essay --

The story of Prophet Muhammad is the best story of all. Prophet Muhammad is the one who had the changed the world around him and had the greatest influence for the people during his time and in today’s world as well. He puts other people welfare before his own; he values other people importance before his own. These values of him made people to loved and respected him for his dedication and honesty to the society. As an Islam’s founder, some people claimed that Prophet Muhammad is a reformer while others claimed him as a revolutionary. Before I make any further argument, let’s first define what’s the difference between a reformer and revolutionary. First of all, I believe a reformer is a person who makes changes in something such as a practice or political issue in order to improve what they already have to be better. Meanwhile, a revolutionary is a person who is either actively involved or advocates revolution. Thus, here I will argue that Prophet Muhamm ad is a reformer instead of a revolutionary. According to Hart (1992), he believed that Prophet Muhammad is the most influential individual in the world and he was the only man in the history who had achieved a lot of success in both sacred and profane matters. He also puts Prophet Muhammad at No. 1 on the list among top 100 ranking of the most influential persons in the history. Prophet Muhammad was born in 570 C.E., in the city of Mecca, in the southern of Arabia. When Prophet Muhammad was forty-years-old, he was convinced that the God (Allah S.W.T.) was communicating with him through Archangel Gabriel and he was chosen to be The One to spread Islam to the people. At the beginning, he advocated only to his close friends and fellow associates. Only by about 613 C.E., Prophet... ... was done without any extra charges or taxes and it was also has to been voluntary and can’t be forced. As the conclusion, I believe that Rasulullah S.A.W. was indeed the savior of the mankind. He showed and guided us on how to solve the problems of humanity from women and children to slaves, the poor, and even to orphans. That was to establish the message from God (Allah S.W.T.) and to save us from the hot fire of Hell after our death. Therefore, it is important for us to read and understand the Al-Qur’an and read the messages of Prophet Muhammad for the success in both lives on earth and the life after death. Moreover, the Prophet also took the brutal tribal system where the rights are not equal to everyone especially to women, children and the poor, and he reformed it into a system where everyone received the same and equal amount of opportunity and chances.

Idea Vacation Essay

1. Enough Principle-By believing something will happen, it will. â€Å"You expect bad day and sure enough, sure enough, you get a bad day.† 2. Subconscious- The level of mind through which materials passes on the way towards full consciousness; an information store containing memories that are momentarily outside of awareness but that can easily be brought into consciousness. 3. Reticular Activity- A network of activities of neurons in the brainstem involving in consciousness, regulation of breathing; the transmission of sensory stimuli to high brain centers; a primary alert to awareness network that may function differently in vary degrees of consciousness. 4. Lock –on /Lock –out-An act whereby one has a limited perception of possibilities, problems, or solutions; a restricted narrow, or singular view of alternatives. Lock –on /Lock –out-An act whereby one has a limited perception of possibilities, problems, or solutions; a restricted narrow, or singular view of alternatives 5. Goal / Goal settings-The ac of establishing what we want. 6. Significant- To make a difference; may be positive or negative. 7. Awareness- An internal, subjective state of being cognizant or conscious of something; alert ness; consciousness. 8. Account ability; Responsible; answering for an outcome. 9. Belief- An emotional acceptance of a proposition, statement or doctrine. 10. Perception- Those mental processes that give coherence and unity to sensory input; a conscious event initiated by some external or internal events; an organized complex dependent on a host of other factors (attentions, constancy, motivation, illusions, etc. 1. 11. Scotomas – An expression to indicate that one fails to see or is blind to alternative and therefore can see only limited possibilities; a sensory locking out of information from our environment .

Free Essays on Advertisement Fixations

Advertisement Fixations If you act now! Only for a limited time offer! If you purchase within the next 30 minutes we will throw in a free special gift! Do people get tired of advertisements that seem to run our lives? We as a society, are very materialistic. What ever the new fashion fad is we as a culture must have it in our possession quickly. Popular products are the reasons why consumer demand is so high. Our access money is spent on entertainment and the companies are there consistently trying to get as much money out of the consumer as they can. Corperations continue to pump ideas into consumers heads as if the buyer needs what the big companies are advertising. As consumers all people have necessities. When looking at the shelf what makes you pick the name brand instead of the off brand or vice versa, what makes you pick the off brand and not the name brand. Is price really the issue, or is it a matter of the quality? I think what brand has put forth the most effort through advertising to have th ere name out there, is the product that will be remembered when it comes to making a choice. Have you every been curious about how consumers are involved with advertising? I am addressing consumers and customers of all ages. My purpose is to tell how demographics are targeted and involved with advertising. Advertising is a process done through media giants, untruthful advertisement, and product appeal. Through advertising, secrets are held from consumers and still kwowing this we allow ads to appeal to our senses. This is done by the big companies and media giants. Pettaway 2 Media Giants are the real life monopolies of our society. They seem to own almost everything, even the companies that people would not even think of. If they do not own the company they have a partnership with that company in someway. In order to make their product appealing companies conduct interviews of people who they think are imagina... Free Essays on Advertisement Fixations Free Essays on Advertisement Fixations Advertisement Fixations If you act now! Only for a limited time offer! If you purchase within the next 30 minutes we will throw in a free special gift! Do people get tired of advertisements that seem to run our lives? We as a society, are very materialistic. What ever the new fashion fad is we as a culture must have it in our possession quickly. Popular products are the reasons why consumer demand is so high. Our access money is spent on entertainment and the companies are there consistently trying to get as much money out of the consumer as they can. Corperations continue to pump ideas into consumers heads as if the buyer needs what the big companies are advertising. As consumers all people have necessities. When looking at the shelf what makes you pick the name brand instead of the off brand or vice versa, what makes you pick the off brand and not the name brand. Is price really the issue, or is it a matter of the quality? I think what brand has put forth the most effort through advertising to have t here name out there, is the product that will be remembered when it comes to making a choice. Have you every been curious about how consumers are involved with advertising? I am addressing consumers and customers of all ages. My purpose is to tell how demographics are targeted and involved with advertising. Advertising is a process done through media giants, untruthful advertisement, and product appeal. Through advertising, secrets are held from consumers and still kwowing this we allow ads to appeal to our senses. This is done by the big companies and media giants. Pettaway 2 Media Giants are the real life monopolies of our society. They seem to own almost everything, even the companies that people would not even think of. If they do not own the company they have a partnership with that company in someway. In order to make their product appealing companies conduct interviews of people who they think are imagina...

Space & Time in As I Lay Dying essays

Space & Time in As I Lay Dying essays The Concepts of Space and Time in Faulkners As I Lay Dying Space and time come together in As I Lay Dying through a pattern that provides the background upon which the Bundrens journey through a perpetual landscape. The two phenomena merge and dispel into each other in the novel, creating an element that cannot be easily separated, but better understood through a cyclical symbolism. The circle implies the adjoining nature of not only space and time, but also life and death, where both sets of binaries deny the existence of fixed boundaries. There is a lucid air of the expanding circle of impact of the Bundrens' venture, an effect that corresponds with the circular, multiple perspective, technique of the book with its recurring images of the circle: all from circling buzzards to the wheels of the wagon. It is primarily through Darls monologues that the nature of time and space are opened up and the difference between the two becomes of common nature. His consciousness is a fluid body that leaps over barriers, and lacks the boundaries that the rest of the family members share within their thoughts. Darl seems to possess a gift of clairvoyance, which allows him to narrate in the way that he does, foreshadowing events and reading other characters minds. Effusive and insightful in his thoughts, he is as much of a protagonist as the novel has: it is as though the space between us were time: an irrevocable quality. It is as though time, no longer running straight before us in a diminishing line, now runs parallel between us like a looping string, the distance being the doubling accretion of the thread and not the interval between. (Faulkner, 139) As Darl looks out over the river before they cross with their dead matriarch, he sees it in a manner in which he disregards its mere physical c omponents. Darl shows signs throughout the novel of an ego at odds with itself (Wadlington, 57). Lacking a specif...

Free Essays on Mill’s Utilitarianism

the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. In its basic form this is Jeremy Benthams’ definition of utilitarianism. You cannot talk about utilitarianism without mentioning Bentham. He went even further to say that some good actions are better then other good actions. Realizing that this would be hard to prove he developed a formula that measures pleasure and pain. The conclusive definition of Benthams version on utilitarianism is that it focuses upon an action’s relevance depending fully on the value of its consequences. This is called act-utilitarianism. While Bentham was credited to be the father of utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill was considered the heart and soul of it. Mill’s version of utilitarianism focuses on rule-utilitarianism. In this paper I will discuss Mill’s version of utilitarianism and what kinds of objections are raised against it. John Stuart Mill was a student of Benthams and picked up where Bentham left off. He saw the flaws of act-utilitarianism and introduced his theory to overcome the weaknesses. The new theory was called rule-utilitarianism. Instead of looking at the consequences of a particular act Mill’s version of utilitarianism focused on value of the consequences of following a particular rule. The rule, which produces the best overall consequences, is the one that should be followed. To understand rule-utilitarianism, a society must accept that certain rules must be followed. For instance, if stealing is wrong then a rule-utilitarian society would avoid this problem by adopting this rule even if by doing so there is a sacrifice to pleasure. This is true for lying or torturing little animals. Human beings prefer pleasure than pain; as a result, people desire to act in order to achieve the maximum happiness. Mill also saw that there... Free Essays on Mill’s Utilitarianism Free Essays on Mill’s Utilitarianism Mill’s Utilitarianism Imagine a society where the main focus is the maximum happiness of its people on a grand scale; in other words the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. In its basic form this is Jeremy Benthams’ definition of utilitarianism. You cannot talk about utilitarianism without mentioning Bentham. He went even further to say that some good actions are better then other good actions. Realizing that this would be hard to prove he developed a formula that measures pleasure and pain. The conclusive definition of Benthams version on utilitarianism is that it focuses upon an action’s relevance depending fully on the value of its consequences. This is called act-utilitarianism. While Bentham was credited to be the father of utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill was considered the heart and soul of it. Mill’s version of utilitarianism focuses on rule-utilitarianism. In this paper I will discuss Mill’s version of utilitarianism and what kinds of objections a re raised against it. John Stuart Mill was a student of Benthams and picked up where Bentham left off. He saw the flaws of act-utilitarianism and introduced his theory to overcome the weaknesses. The new theory was called rule-utilitarianism. Instead of looking at the consequences of a particular act Mill’s version of utilitarianism focused on value of the consequences of following a particular rule. The rule, which produces the best overall consequences, is the one that should be followed. To understand rule-utilitarianism, a society must accept that certain rules must be followed. For instance, if stealing is wrong then a rule-utilitarian society would avoid this problem by adopting this rule even if by doing so there is a sacrifice to pleasure. This is true for lying or torturing little animals. Human beings prefer pleasure than pain; as a result, people desire to act in order to achieve the maximum happiness. Mill also saw that there...

Affecting Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Affecting Change - Essay Example From these trends, it is clear that the traditional model of child protective services (CPS) has failed in its bid to successfully protect many children who require help (American Humane Association, 2005). Traditional child protective services lay more emphasis on investigations of probable maltreatment to establish whether or not children have been or are exposed to risk of being harmed. In general, this model is governed by legal obligations established in every state in the United States of America (Ortiz, Shusterman & Fluke, 2008). Child protection services has care for the children as its main concern but the stipulated laws do not clearly spell out all that has to be carried out to help families and children. However they just offer a framework within which appropriate steps can be taken. Consequently, it is important to point out that the traditional model of child protective service system is not adequately safeguarding the welfare of children. In many occasions, a conflict between the need to protect children and the aspiration to engage and maintain families has been within child welfare services. Professionals within the child protection services, especially the social/ welfare workers probably encounter this tension most. Among others in the field, they endeavor to respond to questions such as: when are the signs of neglect and abuse so severe among children that they have to be taken away from their homes? How can partnership be built with parents in areas of substantiated or suspected child maltreatment. What is the best approach to assist families change to ensure that children’s welfare is well taken care of in the best interest? The traditional model has put more pressure on many welfare workers due to the volume of work hence making it difficult to investigate allegations and engage parents. Further, the approach complicates issues as research has indicated this deficit-focused

Trends in Cybercrime IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trends in Cybercrime IT - Essay Example Cyber crime is a serious issue that has caused many people to suffer. Until the year 2000 it was not considered as a crime punishable by law until it intensified and companies and individuals also including many government organizations became victims of cyber criminals and lost millions of dollars and data. Until now steps are being implemented to control cyber crimes and awareness is being spread by government to refrain people from becoming cyber criminals intentionally or unintentionally. Cyber crimes are the easiest to commit as this requires no physical skills and you can easily hide your identity without anyone knowing it might be your best friend. During the years cyber crimes kept changing it forms. First there were little viruses sent by emails that would infect a person’s computer and cause them to lose data and when antivirus programs came to their aid people began to develop ways to hack into other peoples and organizations computers to steal or manipulate their data. After playing such small games these cyber criminals became organized and started to think big and they developed ways to actually harm people in far serious ways. Cyber criminals devised ways to extort money from people posing as law enforcers to their aid. A cyber criminal ‘s profile in most of the crimes are still unknown as people make multiple accounts using fake identities or stealing other people’s accounts or their identities to carry on their unlawful activities. As the internet facilitates by connecting people through many ways where there is no physical interaction between the people involved, a man can easily pose as a woman and create a fake identity without the other person knowing who is actually behind the scene. Cyber criminals usually operate from places where they are not easily traceable and with the development of new software that enable to hide your IP it has become easier. The cyber criminals who were managed to get caught turned out to be mostly people of advanced computer knowledge. Internet scams or cyber crime has now taken many different forms. â€Å"A company managed to rob people totaling more than $53,000 by asking them to pay for shipping of their free samples that they never received (IC3, Internet

International hospitality operation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International hospitality operation - Coursework Example Introduction Fast foods have become a common mode of meals especially in many urban centers around the globe. Majority of urban dwellers find it easy to get into a cafeteria or fast food outlet to swiftly grab something and move on with their daily business without spending much time on cooking. This is a business that actually benefits both consumers and stake holders (Frank et al, 2006). However, research has shown that, most fast foods have various side effects and complications, especially those that require deep frying into cooking fat. The regular use of fast foods by urban dwellers also threatens the environment in terms of pollution. For instance, polythene bags that are used for wrapping foods are in most cases thrown all over after using them, especially in comfort and social places. Chances for expanding fast food outlets in Brazil Contract farming and factors that impinge youth Acceptance to Contract farming Contract farming is basically a system of farming where the prod uction and supply of both horticultural and agricultural products are produced by both primary produces as well as farmers (Philip & Morrison, 2006). Generally, farmers in particular have their terms specified in the contract. In such a contract, the commodity must be sold at a specified price, time and quantity. This type of farming has become the most favorable form of business that can boost the global food system (Silva, 2005). Contract farming has been advantageous to the farmers even though it is a risk taking issue. However, the risks are drastically reduced to an extent that the majority of them are adequately provided with farm inputs hence reducing the fear for losses that can be incurred. Furthermore, large scale farmers can also purchase the inputs at a low price (Silva, 2005). This alone has ensured that the input quality has been converted to the large amount of profits. In light with this, services such as mechanizations and transportation are provided to the farmers in accordance to the contract. With the advancement of technology, technological assistance is also provided to the farmers so as to boost their productions (Silva, 2005). The technical assistance crew also ensures that, the farmers are provided with management skills that can boost their contracted crops and livestock too. Market outlets are also put into consideration in the sense that, transaction costs are put into consideration so as to reduce the agony of searching for markets. As this goes on, the sales prices are also lowered. However, with the price fluctuation both internationally, as well as locally, such issues are also considered too (Silva, 2005). Residues from farms can also be useful. For instance, according to Brazil Fast Food Cooperation, 2009, manure from animals such as poultry can also be a source of income and as animal feeds, as well. Contract farming will always ensure that agricultural products are supplied to the market in large quantities (Silva, 2005). Su ch are the benefits firms like fast foods outlets come across. Since the contracts require specific quality product, this will ensure that fast food outlets and other firms are in a position to meet the requirements of their clients, as well as maintaining their standards (Silva, 2005). The mutual relationship between the farmers and contractors has also ensured that, farmers are able to access land through legal processes that burrs private companies to own land. Contracting allows such benefits in case

Which step in the communication process do you consider to be the most Essay

Which step in the communication process do you consider to be the most important - Essay Example The reason a message is created is to get to the receiver (Krizan et al. 2011). Arguably, without the receiver there would be no message and no sender as well. The sender has to deliberate everything revolving around the receiver. The sender has to deliberate on who the sender is, the message to be communicated to the receiver and how the message will get to the receiver. It is only after deliberating on the above mentioned issues that the communication process can begin. The most uncomfortable step of the communication process is transmitting the message. The sender has to relay a message through a channel that will get to the right receivers. It goes without saying that an inappropriate channel can result to ineffective communication process (Krizan et al. 2011). Therefore, in order to certify that the process is comfortable and that the message reaches the right recipients, it is crucial to ponder on the attributes of the communication since the efficiency of some of the communication networks vary with the attributes of the

Global Study--Policy Brief Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Study--Policy Brief - Coursework Example However, the rate of productivity and has not increased proportionately and with the huge population, the depletion of natural resources continues increase. Critics have on many occasions pointed out that with every extra mouth to feed there comes two hands and, therefore, the argument that the world does not have enough to provide for its populace is flawed. However, a discerning mind will realize that no matter how much labor is available, without resources, the problem cannot be solved through such simplistic logic. In your position as the Head of WFP, I believe you are uniquely qualified to address this problem since it is directly connected to your mandate of ensuring global food security. You are more familiar than most policy makers are with the challenges of feeding an increasing population and I am sure you are cognizant of the gains that would be made by WFP if they were providing for a smaller population. In 1989, the UN recommended that there needed to be more focus on the urgent issue of population control and there should be a search for a more lasting solution to it. July 11 was declared WORLD POPULATION DAY in an attempt to create awareness on the issue but given the sharp rise in population since then these solutions do not seem to have worked as intended. Over 3 billion people in the world are younger than 25, most of these are teens just at the edge of their productive years. Depending on how the choose to reproduce, the rate population growth might increase at a slower and more manageable rate. Current projections by the UN have it that the global population may grow up to 9.3 million by 2050, which is comparable to duplicating the populations of Indian and China, the two most populous countries in the world. This is an optimistic scenario based on the assumption that the fertility rate will go down from 2.5 to 2.1 children per woman. Without a serious decline in the

Which step in the communication process do you consider to be the most Essay

Which step in the communication process do you consider to be the most important - Essay Example The reason a message is created is to get to the receiver (Krizan et al. 2011). Arguably, without the receiver there would be no message and no sender as well. The sender has to deliberate everything revolving around the receiver. The sender has to deliberate on who the sender is, the message to be communicated to the receiver and how the message will get to the receiver. It is only after deliberating on the above mentioned issues that the communication process can begin. The most uncomfortable step of the communication process is transmitting the message. The sender has to relay a message through a channel that will get to the right receivers. It goes without saying that an inappropriate channel can result to ineffective communication process (Krizan et al. 2011). Therefore, in order to certify that the process is comfortable and that the message reaches the right recipients, it is crucial to ponder on the attributes of the communication since the efficiency of some of the communication networks vary with the attributes of the

Critque of Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critque of Paper - Essay Example is vital, to prevent the escalation of the disorders, which is likely to cause more harm to the individuals themselves through self injury, as well as damaging actions to the wide society. The paper employs empirical research method of research. This is so because it applies an observation of the activities/operations taking place in various residential treatment facilities, in a comparison manner with the institution in question. The aim is to establish where it falls in this category of institution, based on its performance in residential treatment. The unit of analysis applied in this paper is the residential treatment program. The paper compares the success of different treatment programs. It also seeks to establish the relationship between the staff to patient ratio, and its impact on the performance of these institutions. The paper also tried to seek the relationship between the state licensing/certification of the staff, and the program performance. The aim was to know whether the certification affects performance, which was found to be unlikely. The type of data collected is nominal (Richard). This refers to that data that use names in establishing relationships. The paper is developed based on a set of treatment programs, compared per their performance. Ordinal data are also used in this paper. The treatment programs are ranked based on their percentage performance in patient treatment. Ratio data are also collected and used in this paper. There has been a computation of the staff to patient ratio. This is then applied to seek whether there is a relationship between this ratio and the program performance. The paper has applied various data collection tools. The rating scale is one of them, where the programs are rated in success percentage (Richard). Document review is also applied as a tool, since information regarding to staff and patient numbers are obtained from the programs’ documents. Institutional schedule is yet another tool employed. The paper

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay Example for Free

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay Art and music bring many cultures from all around the world together. Both express thoughts, emotions, stories, views, ideas, and opinions of human life. For instance, art is a form of expression as well as music. Moreover, music describe a person’s culture, life, feeling and hobbies as well as art. It is how people liberty to express themselves through music in whichever way they prefer. as well as art and what people confront on a daily basis. Furthermore, art and music has change over time and it has influence in the way we dress and dance. It also reflects on violence and drugs. Finally, have an extremely negative impact on the attitudes and behaviors of American youth. Music affects society now in days by influencing teens in the wrong way. For instance, music videos have made a humongous impact on the behavior of teens. Moreover, teens flaunt their bosoms around just because they see it on the videos so they portray the same image thinking that is the style. For example, Adriana, a cousin she dresses something similar to that and her response is that is what is in. Also, the way teens dance through music. For example, the songs Bring it, Donk, Ass by listening to this type of songs they start twerking dancing. In particular, a dance that teases and inappropriately moves. It consists of how you shake your behind. personality my perspectives about those move dances are inhuman. In addition, this type of songs has made an impact on the dances and it has everybody twerking. A dance that consist of shaking hips and bottom and bouncing up and down motion, causing to shake, wobble and jiggle . Another, huge impact would be the song and dance called The Twist it had have a tremendous impact back in the days. many people were against it but some were not. Foremost, John Johnson Jr. â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states. â€Å"Soon, the fad hopped generations, sweeping up the â€Å"Mad Men† set of swinging company men and their hip-shaking wives. Therefore, regardless if the song influences in an appropriate dance it is still going to be a big hit and it is going to have everybody dancing. Another, social message that is transmitting through music and art is the violence. For example, some friends would always-encountered dangerous scenes because of the designs imprinted on their clothes gang related as well as the music consisting of disrespecting others. onsequently, they were getting shoot at. In addition, my cousin Arthur was involved in the Mafia. He was kill in Mexico 3 years ago because of the music he used to listing to drugs as well as the clothes he used to were. His clothes had a picture of Mal Verde a major drug dealer. The drug music would inspire him to fight. He had a tragic death that was never solve he was kidnap and torture to death. In addition, many people are being influence in the drug life because of their admiration to those kinds of art as well as the music. On the other hand, it can inspire others to get out of that life style. For example, Biello, Johnson Jr. (â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states that â€Å"Biello, who hope the Twist would ease his exit from the Mob, never did get out. He was assassinated in 1967, in broad daylight in downtown Miami. The crime was never solved but was likely part of a power struggle in the top ranks of Mafia leadership. † Moreover, music and art is meant for uplifting and encouraging people yet over the years it has become degrading. Finally, the way it influences the teens today. The more aggressive the music, probably the more grumpy and rebellion they tend to get. The beauty of music has exploited into evil things. For instance, the music today such as rap and hip-hop has profanity and that is the type of music that teens listing today. Consequently, can be influential, and they will try to crazy things. In conclusion, art is music it is what gives life a meaning. For example, to share ideas, express feeling, tell a story It is what brings many different cultures together from all over the world. Weather it brings out good or bad messages it is still a form of art.

Marketing Intelligence Helping Adidas

Marketing Intelligence Helping Adidas The paramount marketers discern their market they have in depth acquaintance of their customers, their needs, what companies/ competition have done in the past, and in which course the market is headed. The Best Battle of the Past Few Decades Nike vs. Adidas The battle between Nike and Adidas started in the late 70s. In the mid-80s, Nike signed basketball superstar Michael Jordan and quickly released the Air Jordan line. Adidas signed Run DMC banking on the explosion of Hip-Hop. Who won? Well, they both sell sports shoes and Adidas signed a musical group while Nike signed a sports star. Till 2000, Nikes worth was$15 billion and Adidass $8 billion. Nike dominated most sports while Adidas remained strong only in soccer. Why did this happen? The strong Market Intelligence helped Nike stay in correct positioning by signing basketballs most popular rising star. Adidas strayed from the sports theme completely by signing a Hip-Hop group. Market Intelligence (MI) is the information relevant to a companys markets gathered and analyzed specifically for the purpose of accurate and confident decision-making in determining market opportunity, market penetration strategy, and market development metrics. Competitive Intelligence describes the broader discipline of researching, analyzing and formulating data and information from the entire competitive environment of any organization. Business Intelligence of any kind may also be their responsibility, in tandem with (or solely performed by) the Finance department, for measuring market share and setting growth targets, the Mergers Acquisition group for exploring acquisition opportunities, the Legal department to protect the organizations assets or RD for cross-company comparison of innovation trends and the discovery of opportunities through innovative differentiation. Market intelligence focuses particularly on competitors, customers, consumer spending, market trends, and suppliers. A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and data sources used by marketing managers to examine information from the environment that they can use in their decision making. Unfocused scanning The manager, by virtue of what he/she reads, hears and watches exposes him/herself to information that may prove useful. Like did by adidass Louis-Dreyfus in its 1993 downsizing the staff following the trends of industry. Semi-focused scanning Manager narrows the range of media that is scanned. For instance, the manager may focus more on economic and business publications, broadcasts etc. and pay less attention to political, scientific or technological media. Like its seem in the ads which were targeted only the youth. Informal search This describes the situation where a fairly limited and unstructured attempt is made to obtain information for a specific purpose. For example, the marketing manager of a firm considering improving its bottom line. Like in the case of Adidas . In 1994 U.S. sales grew 62 percent, and a year later the company went public. By the late 1990s the companys U.S. sales were growing at an annual rate of nearly 50 percent Formal search This is a purposeful search after information in some systematic way. The information will be required to address a specific issue. Like in case of Adidas over merging with Reebok. COMPETITION Adidas estimated that Nikes media budget was 10 times greater than its own-but adidas believed that its quality products and careful marketing could generate enthusiasm among consumers. Fortunately for adidas, Nike hit a rough patch in the late 1990s that helped pave the way for adidass success. Although Nike still dominated the athletic-footwear category, its hold grew weaker. MARKETING STRATEGY through MI Better to have a conversation with people, not a conversation at people. Adidass marketing intelligence found what people wanted to see, feel and buy. How people associate themselves with different celebs and it proceeded on same lines. OUTCOME Adidas continued to flourish and in 1998 held onto its number three ranking in the athletic-footwear industry with a 6 percent share, according to market research firm NPD Group, Inc. In comparison, Nikes retail dollar share was 34 percent and Reeboks 13 percent. Adidas spokesperson John Fread told the Business Journal of Portland, For us, [1998] was an outstanding year, another record. Adidas was back in the game, and it planned to stay there, pursuing its commitment to sports and athletes around the globe through its strong Market Intelligence. Adidas plus Reebok is equal to better competition with giant Nike In 2006, Adidas acquired Reebok in a US$3.1 billion deal. The merger was aimed at helping Adidas increase its share in the U.S. market and better compete with market leader Nike Inc. and fourth ranked Puma AG. The Reebok acquisition was seen as a key factor in growing the Adidas brand in developing and fashion-oriented markets of Asia like China, Korea, and Malaysia. Moreover, Reebok already had marketing tie-ups in China (with Yao Ming). The Adidas brand had sales worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬7.1 billion (US$10.8 billion) while Reebok had sales worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.3 billion (US$3.5 billion). In 2006 the Adidas brand had sales worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6.6 billion to Reeboks à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.5 billion. The marketing Intelligence has definitely helped Adidas to evolve as one No. 1 in sports footwear. Nike reported worldwide futures orders for athletic footwear and apparel (scheduled for delivery from December 2007 through April 2008) totaling $6.5 billion, 13 percent higher than such orders reported for the same period last year.

MDMA aka Ecstasy Essay -- Research Drugs Medicine Essays

MDMA aka Ecstasy Adam, Ecstasy, XTC, hug, beans, love drug, X and E are all street names for the drug that is known as MDMA in the medical and scientific world. MDMA is most commonly referred to as Ecstasy and is a "synthetic, psychoactive drug with both stimulant (amphetamine-like) and hallucinogenic (LSD-like) properties". MDMA is also a neurotoxin, which in high doses can raise body temperature and cause muscle and kidney breakdown that eventually leads to failure of the cardiovascular system. This said, the drug is still one of the most popular on the market, and demand is rising. (1) MDMA is made up of a chemical structure consisting of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine. It depletes serotonin-producing neurons after prompting "nerve cells to release a flood of serotonin". MDA, a parent drug of MDMA, destroys neurons that contain the neurotransmitter dopamine whose destruction is an underlying cause in the lack of coordination, tremors, and paralysis that come with Parkinson's disease. (1) Dopamine is also thought to be a chemical messenger to learning. (10) The use of MDMA not only reduces the presence of these two very important neurotransmitters, but can have serious side effects as well. Psychological side effects consist of confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe anxiety and paranoia. Physical effects and signs of Ecstasy users are muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movement, faintness, chills or sweating, as well as increased heart rate and blood pressure. Long-term use of this drug is evident by an acne-like rash that develops all over the body and ca n lead to liver damage. This gives the drug many risks similar to those of cocaine. (1) ... ... http://www.dancesafe.org/slideshow/ 5) Ecstasy http://www.geocities.com/sunsetstrip/Limo/4325/ecstasy.html 6) Ecstasy's Legacy http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 7) Scientists Study Serotonin Markers for Suicide Prevention http://www.mhsource.com/pt/p950907.jhtml?_requestid=374901 8) Serotonin and Judgment http://web.sfn.org/briefings/serotonin.html 9) Suicide Facts http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/suifact.htm 10) Breakthrough? Study finds Dopamine cannot be source of Pleasure in Brain http://www.sciencedaily.com/realeases/1999/03/990304052313.htm 11)Dextromethorphan http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/dextromethorphansystemic202187.html 12) Mixing Ecstasy with Other Drugs http://www.seeq.com/popupwrapper.jsp?referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fserendip.brynmawr.edu%2Fbiology%2Fb103%2Ff01%2Fweb3%2Fsterling.html&domain=wakeywakey.com

Shakespeare And Frost - Masters Of Their Trade :: essays research papers

"The art of the poet is to explore the very questions of human existence". The art of poetry is a deep and involved process, which when used properly to infer an existentialist message, can turn lines of ink into a work of art. Major and famous authors of times past and present have frequently, and continue to deal with these issues of human existence. Two of these masters, William Shakespeare and Robert Frost are examples of writers who have made the step from poetry to works of art. This is shown in Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road and in Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 30 where major existentialist and metaphysical themes are dealt with. Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road, includes major metaphysical and existentialist themes that are clearly portrayed by the poet, Frost, in a story about travellers who’s journey has been bared by a hurdle, represented by a fallen tree. "The tree the tempest with a crash of wood, Thrown down in front of us is not to bar Our passage to our journeys end for good." The first three lines of this stanza already expose this existentialist message. When read literally we see a group of travellers whose passage has been impeded by a tree which has fallen across the path of these travellers, however when we read deeper into the passage we find Frost referring to "Our journey", a term commonly used in existential writing as a description of life, and the tree a representation of the problems or hurdles faced in life. In his poetry Frost commonly refers to life as "his journey" and in this instance Frost has written about the unexpected challenges, distractions and hurdles thrown into life, which can side track or take our minds of the "journey" at hand. Frost continues his existentialist theme by going on to say: "We will not be put off our final goal We have it hidden in us to obtain." Frost believes that every individual has the ability to reach the goals they have set while on their "journey", and every person needs to have goals set, otherwise their would be no need to partake this journey, therefore answering this question "why are we here", and along with his use of natural imagery, simple language and symbolism Frost is able to deal with the major existentialist question and concepts. Shakespeare And Frost - Masters Of Their Trade :: essays research papers "The art of the poet is to explore the very questions of human existence". The art of poetry is a deep and involved process, which when used properly to infer an existentialist message, can turn lines of ink into a work of art. Major and famous authors of times past and present have frequently, and continue to deal with these issues of human existence. Two of these masters, William Shakespeare and Robert Frost are examples of writers who have made the step from poetry to works of art. This is shown in Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road and in Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 30 where major existentialist and metaphysical themes are dealt with. Frost’s On a Tree Fallen Across the Road, includes major metaphysical and existentialist themes that are clearly portrayed by the poet, Frost, in a story about travellers who’s journey has been bared by a hurdle, represented by a fallen tree. "The tree the tempest with a crash of wood, Thrown down in front of us is not to bar Our passage to our journeys end for good." The first three lines of this stanza already expose this existentialist message. When read literally we see a group of travellers whose passage has been impeded by a tree which has fallen across the path of these travellers, however when we read deeper into the passage we find Frost referring to "Our journey", a term commonly used in existential writing as a description of life, and the tree a representation of the problems or hurdles faced in life. In his poetry Frost commonly refers to life as "his journey" and in this instance Frost has written about the unexpected challenges, distractions and hurdles thrown into life, which can side track or take our minds of the "journey" at hand. Frost continues his existentialist theme by going on to say: "We will not be put off our final goal We have it hidden in us to obtain." Frost believes that every individual has the ability to reach the goals they have set while on their "journey", and every person needs to have goals set, otherwise their would be no need to partake this journey, therefore answering this question "why are we here", and along with his use of natural imagery, simple language and symbolism Frost is able to deal with the major existentialist question and concepts.

Origin of life Essay

In the summary given, theory of life is said to have risen from the primitive earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere of the early earth is said to have many carbon dioxides but no oxygen. These carbon dioxides will act as reactants in order to create much more complex organic substances such as proteins, carbohydrates lipids, phospholipids, and nucleotides. The said substances are well known as the building blocks of life. This is the evidence that supports their claim that life originated from the gases present in the early earth’s atmosphere. Also to support their claims, an experiment during the early 1950’s would confirm that it is true that simple carbon based compounds can naturally be created under the environment of the primitive earth. In other readings, the early life is said to have also talks about the building blocks of life. The Panspermia theory proposed that these building blocks of life would have originated outside of the earth. These building blocks or the ‘seed of life’ might be scattered around the galaxy or even the universe. Also the same as the summary in piecing it together, the panspermia theory suggests that whenever conditions are met, the building blocks of life will grow and develop. The only downfall of the theory is that, since the building blocks of life came from outside the earth, then there is a great possibility that other life may form from outside of the earth. Evidence of this theory is that, a certain bacteria were discovered in the earth’s upper atmosphere. What’s interesting with the discovery is that the bacteria were similar to the bacteria found in the earth. The bacteria might brought by the space crafts that left the earth. But still, there is a probability that the bacteria would have evolved from outside of the earth. Unfortunately, this theory is lacking in evidence. Some scientists are still on the verge of research in order to prove that their claims were right (Backman, 2007). The summary has a basis about its claims of the origin of life. But problems arise. The origin of the earth is still not established very well. It is said in the summary that substances from the early earth will evolve but the existence of the early earth is not yet been proved. Both the theories lack evidence to support claims of the origin of life.

Holden’s Passive and Unwillingness Essay

Holden is the protagonist in the novel, Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger (1945). Holden is a character who tries to seek for dignity, but he has some flaws holding him back. Holden is passive and unwilling to examine himself and seek his own dignity. Three reasons for his tragic flaw are: his craziness, his immaturity, and his phoniness and madman stuff. The first reason for Holden’s flaw is his craziness. He acts this way because he is not normal like others. Something that he repeats constantly throughout the novel is, â€Å"He is the biggest phony.† This quote shows how Holden thinks and acts towards others. Holden acts this way because who falls in love too quickly with Jane and Sally. He also thinks this way because Jane and Sally equal perfection and he isn’t perfect like them or anybody else. Finally his thoughts are what can he do to be perfect like everyone else because he seems to be the only that is crazy. Therefore, Holden acts and thinks differently from everyone else because he is insane. The second reason for Holden’s flaw is his immaturity. He acts this way because Holden is always alone and have no family to support him except his younger sister, Phoebe. Something that is repeated constantly throughout the novel is, â€Å"Jane keeping her kings in the back row.† This symbol shows that Holden cannot separate the past from the present time. Holden thinks this way because he was always necking with Jane when they were young. He also thinks this way because of his immaturity of always wanting to have sex and always wanting to be a kid instead of growing up to is an adult. Finally his thoughts always want to be with Jane, but because of his immaturity Jane doesn’t choose him. Therefore, Holden acts immature towards others because he has been expelled from four different schools and no one is there to teach him his manners and to discipline him. The third reason for Holden’s flaw is his phoniness and his madman stuff. He acts this way because he doesn’t want to get help. Something that Holden repeats constantly in the novel is, â€Å"I’m a madman.† This quote shows that he has some personal issues going on with him, but he doesn’t want to get help. He thinks this way because his other lover, Jane is going out with others, but not him because he is a jealous person. He also thinks like this because it shows his low-self esteem and his view towards women. Finally his thoughts are I’m a madman because he is inexperienced with women. Therefore, Holden is a madman because of his jealousy toward women and never did have a real relationship with any women before. In conclusion, Holden is passive and unwilling to examine himself and seek his own dignity. Three reasons for his tragic flaws are that he is crazy, he is immature, and his phoniness and his madman things. Holden acts crazy because he is not normal like others and isn’t perfect at everything. He acts immature because no one is there to teach him his manners and no one is there to also teach him his respect and manners. Holden also acts like a madman because he is jealous of Jane and Sally. He also acts like this because he doesn’t like the private schools that he goes to. Therefore, I think that Holden needs to go get some serious help to become a good and a better person.

Integration in SEC Football Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Integration in SEC Football - Research Paper Example In southern US colleges, the policy of segregation was deeply ingrained. Universities and colleges refused to admit Black students. Thus, it was natural for their teams to be White with no African-Americans. After the Second World War, the University of northern states desegregated and they admitted numerous African-American players to their respective teams. In spite of this, southern schools remained fully segregated. These colleges went as far as refusing to play desegregated teams from universities from the North even if the games were played in the North2. The Southeastern Conference is a college athletic conference which operates in the southeast of the United States. It has its headquarters in Birmingham, Alabama. It participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Currently, it sponsors team championship in nine men's sports and twelve women's sports. This makes it one of the largest in the world. As a sports institution located in the South, it was plagued with the issue of segregation for many years. It was part of a larger effort to prevent mixing of Blacks and Whites in America. This trend changed when the changes of the Civil Rights Movement hit the institutions of the United States. In doing this, the following objectives would be met: The integration of African-American footballers into the SEC can best be described in the wider context of the SEC and its unique position in American history. This is because SEC football is just a subset of the SEC which went through several changes as a unit rather than in individual sports. Thus, the approach that can best be used would be to examine the SEC as a whole with the emphasis on football. Â  

An Analysis of employee involvement on American Water Company Essay

An Analysis of employee involvement on American Water Company - Essay Example An Analysis of employee involvement on American Water Company Staw & Ross stated that employees know better what is expected of them, and they commit better on the organization’s decision (1978). [Employee]Participation may lower the disutility of effort, by providing intrinsic motivation (Staw, 1980). Also, participation may suit non-financial needs such as achievement, creativity and the longing for respect. This may also develop cooperation and communication; employees discuss with each other instead of allowing all discussions only to the management, saving management time. When employees are participative, they tend to supervise themselves, therefore reducing the need for a lot of managerial positions and lessening costs of labor. Involvement teaches employees new skills and helps identify and train leaders. Strauss emphasized that â€Å"participation increases loyalty and identification with the organization†. He also argued that â€Å"If participation and rewards take place in a group setting, the group may pressure indivi duals to conform to decisions† (1977).When management leaders and union participate cooperatively to resolve problems on a non adversarial basis; it improves union management relationship. Involvement often results in the setting of goals and according to Latham, Gary â€Å"goal setting is often an effective motivational technique, particularly when workers set their own goals (1988). Disadvantages of Employee Involvement However, employee involvement had been evaluated as disadvantageous in some ways. Among the disadvantages cited are: Employees may be less knowledgeable than managers, and the understanding upon the decisions they made may be different. Aside from this, Jensen and William stated that "the rewards motivating workers to share their ideas may be larger than the value of the ideas themselves" (1979). Employees may be unenthusiastic to change, once they commit to a decision. Employee Involvement is time consuming, and if the groups decided, response to changing environments may be mainly slow. Another concern is the possibility that when a precedent of employee involvement is established, it is difficult to withdraw this right to participate. Organized, participative groups may unite against the management to limit production and avoid change. Sharing information with unions raises their bargaining power, so companies may lose. If the management and union are unified, working together wit h management may lower unions' legitimacy with members. Goals employees set for themselves may be low. In order to better understand employee involvement, it is better if we take a closer look on an organization that allows/promotes employee involvement. One of these organizations is "American Water". Employee Involvement in American Water Company As cited in the World Wide Web American Water Works & Guarantee Company was founded in 1886 and was restructured in 1947 as American Water Works Company, Inc., and locally operates in New Jersey. Its major mission is to become a trusted water resource company dedicated to

The Strategic Causes of Conflict - What caused the 1973 Arab-Israeli Essay

The Strategic Causes of Conflict - What caused the 1973 Arab-Israeli War - Essay Example Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat instead opted to resolve the issues through diplomacy, and resorted to withdrawing the Mitla and Gidi. Additionally, President Anwar suggested starting the diplomatic relations with the US and signing a peace pact with Israel, however, Israel also decided to withdraw to the armistice borders that were earlier established before June 5, 1967. There have been various schools of thought with regards to the implications and genesis of this war, on one side, the West European political elites placed blame on the United States for provoking the war through the assistance it provided to Israel. On the other side of the divide, Edward Heath, the then British Prime Minister did not welcome the United State’s response towards the war by its unanimous decision to uplift nuclear forces to Defense Condition 3 (DEFCON3) without giving the British government timely warning. Scholars have provided various perspectives of the October 1973 war, with a major focus on the military dimension, its societal implications between Arab, Israel and its neighbors, and its crisis in the Cold War. Given its huge crisis and implications, various researchers have only compared this war to the Suez War in 1956, the Bosnian civil war of 1992-3, and the latest Iraq war of 2003. 3This paper examines the strategic causes of this and the involvement of countries that fueled the war. An attempt is also made to provide an in depth analysis of the Western influence into this war with a focus on Britain and US. At the end of this paper and an attempt will be made to look into the negotiation process and peace building strategies that were put in place in a bid to resolve this war. Background to the Israel-Arab War When the Israel-Arab War broke out in the year 1973, Israel found itself in a defenseless position and not ready for the War for the first time – scholars have a rgued that this was a very big mistake for a nation that possessed very little information on its territorial boundaries and its enemies. However, with the progress of the war, Israel over time gained military superiority, but all in all, it was Egypt that emerged victors in the war through be achieving its main goal. In the end, the stalemate that had been at the heart of the Israeli-occupied Sinai was resolved, leading to the Camp David Accords and the Egypt’s reacquisition of the Peninsula. Other scholars have conceded that the War was in equal measure the success of President Anwar Sadat, and it never have been possible without the element of surprise tactics achieved through a carefully planned strategic deception approaches. While there were various elements to that deception campaign, an interesting one that was employed relevant to this particular case was the one of Ashraf Marwan, who was a high ranking-ranking Egyptian official and Israeli spy who by that time marri ed to the daughter of Ganal Abdel Nasser. In his endeavor in making diplomatic approaches to the conflict, President Anwar was already in the process of preparing for war. In this process, President Anwar contacted his Syrian counterpart, President Hafiz al-Asad to plan

Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Case Study

Contemporary Developments in Business and Management - Case Study Example For that reason, since its origin in Nov. 1999, the corporation has gathered above VND 10 billion in its premium, out of which 7 billion has been invested again into the nationwide financial system. The hard work of this corporation in developing its company acts, improving the excellence of its clients care programs, and causative to the nationwide social and economic growths have been acknowledged by administrative organizations, clients and the people of Vietnam. This paper will discuss the internal and external analysis of Prudential Vietnam and some factors involved in the decision-making process of the said company (online). Prudential in Vietnam is a global retail pecuniary services group that intends to facilitate people protected and augment their own and their dependents' monetary comfort by providing investments, security and other products and services that are appropriate for their requirements. The only strategy of Prudential Vietnam is to construct flourishing and more and more beneficial businesses in each of these markets and in that way make the most of profits to their shareholders eventually. This report assesses the impact of external and internal factors on Prudential Vietnam and evaluates the industry's responses to such factors. Established in the UK in 1848, Prudential plc is one of the principal life and annuity giver in the UK and a top worldwide monetary services corporation with more than US$430 billion (June 2006) in finances under supervision, more than 21m clients and approximately 23,000 staff members globally. For the sake of meeting its mounting requirements of its clients, this corporation has passed to marketplace incorporated variety of monetary services productions that now consists of life the assurance, retirement funds, mutual funds, banking, asset board and all-purpose insurance (online). In 1995, the Prudential plc has established its first and foremost representative agency in Vietnam. From that time Prudential Vietnam has turned out to be a most dependable organization for myriads of clients through Vietnam - providing them appropriate support to meet their investments, security and their investment wants. Prudential plc has established its markets in Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, and following value-creation openings and predictions in the district's countless highly-potential and competitive marketplaces (online).

Siemenss knowledge management strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Siemenss knowledge management strategy - Essay Example This essay discusses that the ability of the government to protect and make effective use of the intellectual capital of the workforce declines with an increase of the retirement rate among the federal workforce. The agency loses its timely decision making ability with the lack of critical knowledge. Where there is lack of knowledge management, agencies are neither able to execute their projects in a timely manner nor they able to complete the project within the estimated cost. Having assessed this dilemma, a representative of the Aberdeen Group said, â€Å"Knowledge workers today are losing productivity in an endless search for information they know resides in the organization but is not easily accessible†. One way for an agency to spread the critical knowledge of program to a wide range of stakeholders is by implementing an effective knowledge framework along with an enterprise-wide strategy of knowledge management. Teams benefit from this flexibility by gaining a way to com prehend the effects as well as interdependencies of the constantly changing environments along the project’s life. The data an agency has at a certain point in time is nothing more than mere representation of the temporal circumstances. There needs to be an appropriate knowledge management strategy in place to understand the relation of the data with different variables and to use it in the decision making process. The knowledge management strategy enables the workers to use the knowledge in the decision making process as they are able to completely understand different aspects of the knowledge. This paper looks into the knowledge management strategies implemented by the Siemens Company. Literature Review The Frid’s Knowledge Management Model Various strategies and models have been conventionally proposed for knowledge management. One of such models is the Frid’s Knowledge Management Model. The Frid’s Knowledge Management Model divides the assessment leve ls of knowledge management maturity into five levels. These five levels are â€Å"knowledge chaotic, knowledge aware, knowledge focused, knowledge managed, and knowledge centric† (Haslinda and Sarinah, 2009, p. 195). The first level proposes that organizations tend to comprehend and implement the Frid framework of knowledge management by working upon the vision, objectives, and indices of knowledge management. In order to optimize on their potential of knowledge management, organizations tend to advocate and adapt the departmental vision of knowledge management. The second level of knowledge awareness considers organizations to be at a higher step than the ones at knowledge chaotic. At this point, organizations need to focus on the development on a road map of knowledge management and a collaborative working with the office of knowledge management. The third level requires organizations to cover the aspects of implantation just like in the lower two levels. At this level, org anizations need to integrate the knowledge management into the process engineering, develop initial infrastructure of service, training and knowledge management, and make the budgets inclusive of knowledge management. â€Å"[T]he fourth level termed as knowledge managed adopt the fundamental activities suggested in level one, two and three other than organizations should attempt to embed knowledge management in performance reviews and also in business plans apart† (Haslinda and Sarinah, 2009, p. 193). Knowledge centric is the highest level of the implementation maturity of knowledge mana

Of Mice and Men Characters Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Characters Essay In the novel, Candy and Curleys wife play a large part of the ideas that Steinbeck wants to convey through Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck shows this via the events and treatments that these two characters undergo. Their speech and actions also indicate major themes in the world they were in and how desperate the era was. Candy presents an element on the sadness in the novel; hes a unfortunate man whos passed his expiry date. Hes been involved in an accident and lost his arm and by this, he has been reduced to the swamper of the rank- a very low status job. Steinbeck may specifically choose this job for candy as a swamper (a cleaner) tends to be a job that woman generally work as and in this job, they often gossip a lot like Candy does. He does this as it is the only pleasure that he can experience in his sad rotting life. This paints the portrait of how sad Candys background may be and soon this is elaborated on even more in future events. In the middle section of the book, we see how Candy is bullied by Carlson into having his best friend- his dog put down. We know that Candy is very close to his dog as Steinbeck actually chooses to describe the dog very similarly to Candy. They are both old, physically impaired and get described generally as a liability. Steinbeck chooses to describe the dog as ancient which produces strong imagery of a dog being similar to an old antique. Although it may possess positive connotations, it is obvious due to Carlsons reaction that the dog is old, dirty and has no purpose anymore. Soon after as Carlson enforces the idea, Candy desperately tries to dismiss it. It states how he looked helplessly which shows how reluctant he is but knows there is no other possible outcome. Carlson even shows utter disrespect to his dog by pointing at it with his toe. By using his tower, he suggests that the dog is on par with the lowliest part of his body and doesnt require the effort to use his hands. Nevertheless, Candy shows no aggression to this outrageous act and concedes to Carlsons insensitive actions. Steinbeck may choose these chain of events to show how a cruel world the characters and people had to live in. It really puts forward survival of the fittest and shows how depressingly cheap life is since people can easily walk over you when youre unable to fight for yourself. Even after all the abuse he has received, Candy is still able to show kindness to others. At the point where Candy overhears Georges dream, he slowly asks whether he can join them. We know that he isnt greedy at this point since he repeatedly mentions how he would willingly try his best with jobs such as cook or hoe despite he aint much good. He also says how he is willing to give up all his money he received when he los' his hand and this just shows how he is desperately giving all he has to help them only for a little in return. Steinbeck emphasises how emotionally willing Candy is that he would trade in the compensation for something irreplaceable to him for the benefit of others. This makes the reader sympathize with Candy and understand how strong dreams are in life; how they give people hope, the strength to keep living and the strength to be a nice person again. Curleys wife on the other hand is the complete opposite. Her story plays a large part in the novel as it shows how dreams can crush peoples hope as easily and they give people hope. Throughout the novel, we have always seen Curleys wife as the problem. She is described as poison and jailbait by George which initially makes readers dislike her. We feel that she can cause the downfall of our newly made friends dreams so she is instantly given a hostility status by Steinbeck. However, he may deliberately do this to create a larger impact when we learn why she may possibly act the way she does. At earlier stages of the novel, we learn how Curleys wife loves and seeks attention. Steinbeck describes how she was standing at the doorway blocking off the sunshine in the doorway deliberately. This implies that she wants the men in the bunkhouse to look up due to the sudden change as she purposefully blocks the light off so that they would do so. It also describes how she was heavily made up that she was making a large effort to attract attention of the men. The word heavily also has connotations that she was trying to hard to an extent where it had negative effects on her. This may also symbolize her character through physical features- that her personality has been corrupted and turned ugly. In the final stages of the book, we learn what has driven Curleys wife to act in this aggressive way. Although she speaks to groups of men with hostility, when its one on one, it runs a lot more smoothly and she seems like she enjoys herself. This has a large contract since there is juxtaposition between section 4 and 5. We see her nasty side where she mock George, Lennie and Candys dream calling it baloney and scoffs at it yet even herself who has been crushed by her own dream may secretly believe. This shows that beneath this angry cover of hers, may be a vulnerable person who only feels the bitterness and jealousy of others happiness hinted by the phrase secretly believe. Steinbeck states this about the cowboy magazines to suggest what type of sad life people live in however, within dreams still lies hope but people are afraid to admit to the hope since they are scared of the criticism others show. This idea is developed implicitly mainly by the word secret. Through this attitude, people have become cynical and cold over the time which is what Steinbeck may want to show us. Curleys wife shares with Lennie her dream in section 5. The fact that she has never told anyone (which she states herself) shows how underneath all the bitterness she has experienced, the memory of the dream she once had (or partially may still have) changes her to be kind and share her deepest secrets with a stranger. On the other hand, Lennie may be an exception since he is nuts implying that he may be able to keep this secret. Furthermore, we learn how Curleys wife left home since she had a hunch that her mother stole her letters. The word stole in this context possesses quite negative connotations since Curleys wife directly accuses her own mother for betraying her. However, this was most likely an excuse and lie to herself since she couldnt bear the reality of having her dream crushed by the stranger who created it. This yet again emphasises how strong dreams were at this time which broke lives altogether. Compare how female speakers are presented in Havisham by Carol Ann Duffy and one poem from the Pre-1914 Poetry Bank. The two female speakers in Havisham and The laboratory both are presented as rather mentally unstable people. They both have experienced rejection from a man and feel belittled or embarrassed by this. However, their reactions and response to this rejection differ to a huge extent. The speaker in Havisham is shown to have rotted away being devoured by her bitterness whereas the speaker in Lab seemed to be slightly more insane driven by her jealous feelings of insecurity to try and kill someone. The bitterness from the character in Havisham is clear from the start. She describes the man who left her as a beloved sweetheart bastard. This use of oxymoron shows several possible connotations. By putting two very opposite words together- one stating strong affection and one stating utter most hate, the idea that beneath the hate she holds against him lies love for him. Elaborating on this may suggest how she may hate him as she cant have him or even because she actually still loves him deep inside. Above all, this suggests how she cant seem to let go of him and move on which presents her mental state to the readers. Likewise in Lab, we understand the feelings of the speaker through clever use of language. For instance, Robert Browning chooses to say devils smithy. Devil automatically conjures the sense of evil or corruptness whereas a smithy is somewhere where things are made such as weapons (blacksmith). These combined imply that a creation of evil with malicious intent is occurring in the poem. Soon after we discover that the protagonist has experienced similar rejection to that of Havisham. He is with her suggests that the man he wants is with another woman. By referring to them as he and her, it creates an enigmatic feeling or even that their names are insignificant and it is purely the concept that she has been left for a woman who is better than her which causes her rage. We know that she is also jealous when the speaker wishes for the other woman breast and her arms and her hands to drop dead. She specifically chooses these body parts implying that these are the parts which the other women best her at and this is why she hates them. In Havisham, the speakers reaction to this rejection was simply to rot with it burning them. She continues to feel this bitterness as suggested with the word Spinster. This word possesses a harsh consonance sound as if she spits it out with such disgust. It is also a one word sentence which emphasises it and also makes it out to be some what of an insult. The word stink and remember following afterwards reinforces this as if shes being driven crazy by the thought of people calling her a spinster. Thus all she does for the rest of her days is rot in her hate. We get the impression that shes been doing this for years since she describes how her dress yellowing- yellowing suggesting dirtying from the years its been on her. On the otherhand, the speaker is Lab is made out to be more malicious than having thoughts of hate. As she makes the poison, she describes the creation with very vivid verbal details. Grind away, moisten and mash up create strong imagery and each of the verbs hold strong care in creating something. By suggesting this care and importance that has gone into the poison, it seems that she really relishes the creation. And finally as she fantasises about how delicious the event would be, she thinks about how the dying face would be branded into the male characters mind. She wants to mentally scar him with the horrendous image possibly for punishment or to make him see how ugly the other woman is when she becomes shrivelled suggesting how her face would become contorted with agony. As she describes this with such detail and precision, the poet presents to us how malicious and bitter the speaker is. A thus through use of language and theme, the poets have successfully produces a very clear image of the bitter, hate filled speakers and how theyve become this way and even how they have dealt with this. The speaker in Havisham rotting and yellowing opposed to the minion in Lab who relishes in the thought of killing and branding someone with the scarring image of death.

Philosophy Saul Kripke Naming And Necessity Philosophy Essay

Philosophy Saul Kripke Naming And Necessity Philosophy Essay He is best known for his attack on the descriptivist (Fregean, Russellian) theory of reference with respect to proper names, according to which a name refers to an object by virtue of the names being associated with a description that the object in turn satisfies. He gave several examples purporting to render descriptivism implausible. The key features of Kripkes contribution to the philosophy of language are (1) his account of names as rigid designators and not clusters of definite descriptions; and (2) his view that there are necessary a posteriori and contingent a priori truths. Both these claims are contentious and continue to be debated vigorously. In Naming and Necessity Saul Kripke argues against type-type-identity theory by the use of an argument from philosophy of language. Kripke wants to demonstrate that if one believes in the identity of mental- and brain states, one needs to accept the theorys full consequence, namely that there cannot be brain states which are not mental states or vice versa. To defend identity theory one would thus be in a need to prove not only empirical (e.g. by scientific research), but analytical a priori, that neither brain states without mental states, nor mental states without brain states could exist. This is quite hard, if not impossible, to do since on the one hand mental states are intuitively independent from the physical domain (Cartesian intuition) and on the other hand zombies are conceivable. Kripke introduces two types of designators (namings) of entities, namely rigid designators and non-rigid (flaccid) designators. Rigid designators refer to the same entity in every possible world, if the designator has any reference at all. For example, the rigid designator Anthony Flemming refers to the same entity in all conceivable worlds. Flaccid designators may refer to different entities in different possible worlds. For example, the author of this essay is Anthony Flemming only in this very world. Flaccid designators refer to entities only by use of contingent properties (e.g. X is the author of this essay). Identities between two rigid designators that name the same entity are necessary. The proposition that they are identical is trivially a priori true (you do not need any experience to prove it). If not both designators that are claimed to be identical are rigid, this identity is contingent, if it is true. The identity might be true in this world, but this has to be proven empirically since one could conceive a non-rigid designator referring to some other object. Kripkes strategy is to show, that identity theorists could not argue mind-brain-state identity to be a contingent identity. He demonstrates that both, the term mental state and the term brain state that are claimed to refer to one and the same entity are rigid designators. As an example Kripke uses the proposition pain is c-fiber stimulation. The term pain is a rigid designator because you could not imagine it to refer to something else than the sensation pain in another world. According to Kripke one could transfer this example to every other mental-state and the brain state, which is said to be identical with it. Identity theorists have asserted, the mental states are brain states identity was contingent just like the heat is molecular movement identity is contingent. Kripke replies, even the latter identity was not a contingent one at all, but necessary. It only seems to be contingent, for one confuses the physical property heat with the sensation of feeling heat. But the name heat could either mean the one or the other thing, since the physical property heat is not identical with the sensation heat (There is heat, namely molecular movement, when there is nobody to perceive the sensation caused by it). If the designator heat names the physical property, it is a rigid designator and the identity is necessary. If the term heat names the feeling there is no identity at all. Eventually Kripke reasons from this, that type-type-identity has to be necessary, if true, which connotes that every mental state is identical with a specific brain state in every conceivable world. But mental states without brain states and brain states, that are not mental states, either the conception or identity theory has to be false. Kripkes argument seems to be some sleight of hand at first glance, because it is that astoundingly convincing and still it seems at least imaginable that mental processes are really brain processes and nothing over and above in this world. This might just be, because he does not have any idea how to solve the mind-body problem himself. Moreover Kripkes argument is a very strong one indeed. It is very difficult to defeat because its core structure is logically sound: If it is: a) true that the terms for both mental- and brain-states are rigid designators, and b) they are identical, then c) the identity has to be necessary. The only way to attack the argument is to challenge the framework of semantics it makes use of. The excerpts contain less information on this topic. Important questions would be for example: Which contingent identities could we know a priori, if any? Is a possible world really identical with a conceivable world and what does this denote to rigid designators? It is obvious that this is too far-reaching to be examined in this paper. Kripke is a peculiar man with a sharp intellect. He talks fast and he thinks perhaps even faster. One is still stricken by the fact that he does not seem vitally concerned about applying philosophy to social issues. His ideals do not seem to be those of the visionary public intellectual, like Sartre, Russell, Chomsky or Cornel West. Kripke is one of Americas most respected philosophers, still he is not significant in public debates. For many he is a living legend.

Life Time Prediction of Node-to-Node Communication Essay -- Informati

1 Introduction Now-a-days any time anywhere connectivity was needed, which can be achieved by Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET). Infrastructure less, self-organizing networks was called MANET. Nodes in a MANET can act as routers, able to forward packets to other nodes, within its transmission region. Designing a routing protocol for such a dynamic networks was a challenging task, due to frequent link failure, limited battery power, and mobility. Huge number of routing protocols has been proposed for MANET [1], different Criteria were used to classify those protocols. Most important criteria’s are, 1. Route discovery 2. Number of routes that are computed between source and destination. Route discovery Establishing the path between source and destination was called route discovery, as per this idea, routing protocols are classified into 1. Proactive or Table driven 2. Reactive or On demand 3. Hybrid Routing Proactive protocols uses table to maintain the overview of the network topology, these table should be updated when ever there is a change in network topology (e.g. OLSR [2]). In reactive protocols route request is sent on demand i.e if a node want to sent data to another node, during that time route request was broadcast , once response came from destination data transfer will happen (e.g. Ad hoc On Demand Destination Vector Routing AODV [3], Dynamic Source Routing (DSR [4])). Hybrid protocols uses the advantage of both proactive and reactive protocols (e.g Zone Routing Protocols (ZRP [5]), Zone based Hierarchical Link state (ZHLS [6])). Number of routes Another important routing criterion was the number of routes that are computed between the source and destination. As per this criteria Routing Prot... ...etworks using multiple disjoint paths, in: 2nd International Conference on Broadband Networks, Boston, MA, USA, 2005. [17] H. Badis, K.A. Agha, Qolsr multi-path routing for mobile ad hoc networks based on multiple metrics: bandwidth and delay, in: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2004, pp. 2181–2184. [18] J. Yi et al., Multipath optimized link state routing for mobile ad hoc networks, Ad Hoc Netw. (2010),doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.04.007 [19] J. Vazifehdan et al., On the lifetime of node-to-node communication in wireless ad hoc networks, Com-put. Netw. (2012), doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2011.12.014 [20] Asokan, R., Natarajan, A.M., Nivetha, A.: ‘A swarm-based distance vector routing to support multiple quality of service (QoS) metrics in mobile ad hoc networks’, J. Comput. Sci. , 2010, 3 , pp. 700 – 707, doi: 10.3844/jcssp.2007.700.707

Eulogy for Son :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Son Today, the most difficult day in my family’s life, we gather to say farewell to our son, brother, fiancà © and friend.   To those of you here and elsewhere who know Dylan you already are aware of the type of person he was and these words you will hear are already in your memory.   To those who were not as fortunate, these words will give you a sense of the type of man he was and as an ideal for which we should strive.  My son has been often described as a gentle soul.   He was pure of heart and had great sensitivity for the world around him.   He had a way with people that made them feel comfortable around him and infected others to gravitate toward him.   Dylan exuded kindness and pulled generosity and altruism out from everyone he touched.   He was everyone's best friend.   To say Dylan was polite is an understatement.   Since his early years, he showed respect and caring for all around him.   Even through the tormentous experiences of his hospital stays and chemotherapy treatment he never once failed to thank a nurse, aide, transport worker or anyone else as they gave him a meal, assisted him or performed another painful procedure.  He also was a man of compassion.   I can remember when he was six years old in Seattle.   He was running in a cross country race with his friend Tommy when the pack of runners disappeared behind bushes.   He was at that time running near the lead.   As we watched a few minutes later, all the runners reappeared and completed the race.   No Dylan nor Tommy in sight.   Finally, after a few desperate minutes Dylan and Tommy reappeared.   When asked what happened Dylan said that he and Tommy had stopped to help some frogs get out of the way of the runners.  His compassion extended to his adulthood.   He o ften spoke that while he wished to develop his career as a rowing coach and teacher of English and History he wanted to live a simple life where he could exert influence on those less fortunate that he.   Many times he said a perfect job would be where he could teach and coach crew in an inner city area and develop rowing programs with inner city kids that would rival the Eastern prep schools.  When he was told he was dying and had but a few days to live he told me he was not concerned about dying but was worried about his family and Patti.

Cost of Quality and Trade-Offs Essay

The cost of quality in a manufacturing process and environment are many as you are aware. But the 3 primary costs that we should review on a more regular basis to assure we are creating the most cost effective and quality products are the following: Appraisal, Prevention and Failure, and failure costs should be looked at as internal failure and external failure. Appraisal costs can be defined as â€Å"The cost of activities designed to ensure quality or uncover defects† (Stevenson, 2008, p.421) Trade-offs of these appraisal costs are internal costs that are incurred when we stop production of a product to check for defects in production process, material, or any other item that causes defects. The cost associated with doing these inspections is looking for defects or issues during this part of the production cycle, other costs would be the cost of stopping the production line for a period of time, cost of additional inspectors and the testing equipment they will use for these tests. Prevention costs are another of the costs of quality and can be defined as â€Å"The cost of preventing defects from occurring† (Stevenson 2008, p.421) Prevention costs are the costs we pay to prevent defects during production of our products. Some of the ways we create these costs or trade-offs of having these within the manufacturing process is that we implement technology systems to help monitor the processes, working with our external material vendors to assure we are getting the best quality products to use and also by training our employees on how to properly use the material and machines to produce our products as well as paying more attention to detail during the design and production of our products. The final cost of quality that we need to look at is Failure Costs, and can be defined as â€Å" Caused by defective parts, products or by faulty services.† (Stevenson, 2008, p.421) These failure costs can also be split further out and looked at as Internal failure, or the failures that are discovered during the production process and are found by internal resources and External failures that are failures discovered after delivery  to the customers. Internal failures happen for a variety of reasons, defective materials, incorrect machine settings, faulty equipment, carelessness and others. The trade-off cost for fixing these types of failures would be cost of additional production time, scrap materials and rework of inadequate products, investigation costs into the root cause of the issues as well as workers’ salaries to not only do the investigation and rework if needed, but the salaries of the employees that are not able to run the production lines to produce items. The other failure cost is External and these are failures that are discovered by the consumer once they have purchased the product. These can carry a much higher cost when found by the consumers. These costs can include Warranty repairs or replacements, costs of having a customer care center or call center to deal with customer complaints, discounts to customers for current or future products and Legal action if the failure of a product caused some type of personal injury. Based on the 3 types of quality costs that have been discussed and reviewed above, I recommend that we look at doing more appraisals and inspections during the manufacturing process, this will limit the number of design changes that happen early in the process but it should help in cutting down our external failure costs and help limit any personal injury to our consumers. References Stevenson, W. (2008). Operations Management (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill.